校长(大学) President of Beijing University
校长(中小学) Principal of Donghai Middle School
院长(大学下属) Dean of the Graduate School
系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/Chairman of the English Department
会长\主席(学\协会) President of the Student Union, Shanghai University
厂长(企业) Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant
院长(医院) President of Huadong Hospital
主任(中心) Director of the Business Center
主任(行政) Director of Foreign Affairs Office
董事长(企业) President/Chairman of the Board of Directors
董事长(学校) President/Chairman of the Board of Trustees
首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总…….”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓则常带有chief, general, head, managing这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,需遵循英语头衔的
表达习惯:
总书记 general secretary
总工程师 chief engineer
总会计师 chief accountant
总建筑师 chief architect
总编辑 chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor
总出纳 chief cashier; general cashier
总裁判 chief referee
总经理 general manager; managing director; executive head
总代理 general agent
总教练 head coach
总导演 head director
总干事 secretary-general; commissioner
总指挥 commander-in-chief
总领事 consul-general
总监 chief inspector; inspector-general
总厨 head cook; chef
有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译,可以一些通用的头衔词表示,例如下列机构的负责
人可以用director, head 或chief 来表示:
司(部署) department
厅(省署) department
署(省属)(行署) office; administrative office
局 bureau
所 institute
处 division
科 section
股 section
室 office
教研室 program/section
例:局长: director of the bureau, head of the bureau, bureau chief.
国务院 the State Council 属下的部为ministry,所以部长叫做minister. 另外,公署专员叫做commissioner,其办事机构叫做 “专员公署”,英语为prefectural commissioner’s office.
汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况,可选择vice associate assistant deputy等词。相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如: 副总统(或大学副校长等) vice president
副主席(或系副主任等) vice chairman
副总理 vice premier
副部长 vice minister
副省长 vice governor
副市长 vice mayor
副领事 vice consul
副校长(中小学) vice principal